Fluid actuated injection means



Nov. 21, 1950 Filed Oct. 11. 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 I I 2/ I 1 ll h Nov. 21, 1950 L. J. GARDAY EIAL 2,531,330

FLUID ACTUATBD INJECTION MEANS Filed Oct. 11. 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Nov. 21, 1950 2,531,330

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,531,330 FLUID ACTUATED HQIJECTION MEANS Louis J. Garday, Glenvlew, and Robert A. Iasiey, Chicago, 111., assignors, by meane assignments, to Louis G. Simmons, Chicago, Ill.

Application October 11, 1945, Serial No. 621,720

1 1: Claims. 103-4!) 2 This invention relates to liquid iniection sys- For a more complete understanding of the in tems and controls therefor. more particularly vention, reference should be had to the drawto pumps and control means for the injection inss. in which:

of fuel into internal combustion engines, and it Fig. l is a schematic representation of a poris an object or the invention to provide improved tion of a Diesel engine partially in section eminiection means of this character. bodying the invention, assembled for operation: While the inventio is especially adapted for Fig. 2 is a detailed sectional view of one emuse in and is illustrated in connection with an bodiment of the invention:

engine of the Diesel or compression ignition type, Fig. 3 is an elevational view or a portion of the it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that nvention n assem d relation;

modifications may be made to adapt the lnven- Fig. 4 is a plan view of the invention in assemtion for use in connection with any engine or bled relationship;

apparatus requiring the injection of a measured Fig. 5 is a de ailed sectional view taken subor predetermined amount of high pressure fuel stantially along line H of Pig- 2 ho ng h or liquid without departing from the true spirit s r suio ns m c nism:

and scope of the invention. Fig. 6 is a detailed sectional view oi a further It is an object of the invention to provide a m men of th n n ifln; nd

fluid pressure actuated injection pump for sup- F188. 7. 10 nd 1 are ethemltle prepiying positively metered quantities of liquid from sentations of the basic elements of the invention a high pressure source illustrating the mode of operation.

It is a further object of the invention to provide Referring now to the dra ngs. the invention a iiuid pressure actuated fuel injection pump of is shown as embodied in a Diesel engine is havthe character indicated in which the engine fuel ing a common rail type of fuel inj ction sys m. supply is the source o1 fluid pressure. 7 it being noted that the description o1 the inven- Itis another object of the invention to provide 5 tion as embodied n 8 i l "who 18 r y a fuel injection pump of the character described x mp yue nd r high pressure is supplied having means within the fuel iniection pump for from the rail or conduit ii through a conduit i2 automaticallyreiillingthemeterlng chamber with o the inlet Ito of the fuel ni i n p mp II. fuel from the high pressure source. the valve actuation to produce fuel injection being In the embodiment shown, a pump unit is proc d y an engine operated 0am I, cam folvided with a cylindrical chamber in which a owe push d t d eapo m anism l1. movable wall or piston is arranged, the chamber and throttle control being eflected by not is on one side or the piston communicating with actuated by a c nk l which ay be adjusted on a fuel injection heals and the chamber on the its operating haf II by bolts Ila. Although other side oi the piston communicating with a as only a single cylin and fu l, iniec ion pump meets the chambers on the two sides of the piston from the common rail ii.

and a spring biases the piston against fuel in- 4 Referring now toFig. 2. the fuel iniection pump iection. Fuel injection is produced by the encomprises a body It including a fuel injection gine cam actuating a plunger which substantially nozzle 22 through which fuel is injected into the valve whereupon the high pressure fuel acting 4 valve stem :4 and a spring a, the amount or nosagainst one side of the piston moves the piston zle opening being determined by a stopserew 21 to efl'ect the election of fuel from the chamber shown susceptible of external adjustment. on the other side or the piston through the in- The body Ii is provide with a longitudinal jection nozzle. Return of the plunger to its bore a in which are axially mounted suitable original position closes the fuel inlet valve and so timing valve bodies is and II and a timing opens the valve in the interconnecting ps sas plunger body ll spaced axially from the ay. ollowinc h pressure to equalize on the tw valve body so by a suitable scalin gasket u. the sides of the p on. whereupon the spring moves timing valve bodies and timing plunger body the piston to its original position forcing i'uel being t e n sealed 1;; Mann by .ujtghlg into the metering ham er hrou h h in onso sealing means as and it. The timing valve nes ng v as w ybody as is provided with a longitudinal bore 8!, It is a further object of the invention to provide an enlarged bore II communicating with the a fuel inj c ion Pump of the character described bore it, and a circumferential cut-away portion whereby secondary injection 01' fuel is substancooperating with a similar circumferential euttiallyprevented. wawayportionontimingvslvebodytstoform menace of fuel injection for the desired engine load and speed. The pressure of the fuel in the various chambers and passageways is relatively low and is not sufllcient to raise the needle valve It from its seat in the injection nozzle 22.

In Fig. I, the engine driven cam i4, through the appropriate mechanism as illustrated, is shown as having moved the timing plunger II willciently to close 03 the radial holes II from the radial holes ll, thereby disconnecting the passageway Ila from chamber ll and also as having partially opened the valve 4!, allowing high pressure fuel to enter the plunger actuating chamber H as shown by the arrows, beginning movement of the plunger Bl. The fuel in the ejection chamber 14 is under high pressure as a result of the plunger movement but it is not suillciently high to cause ejection of fuel from nozzle 22. In Fig. 8 the valve II has opened further and the plunger 61 has moved sumciently under the high pressure fuel to increase the pressure in passageway 53, thereby raising the needle valve 28 off its seat to forcibly eject the fuel from nozzle 22.

With the conditions as shown in Fig. 9, the engine cam M has moved past its maximum position and the plunge 81 has completed the ejection of the fuel. the plunger being against its stop plate 6!. Immediately prior to the condition of the system shown in Fig. 9 and immediately following the condition of the system shown in Fig. 8, the valve ll will be closed but timing plunger 54 will still be in contact with the valve II, and the metering plunger 61 will have completed the fuel injection. Consequently there is high pressure existing in the piston actuating chamber 11 and the passageway leading to chamber 41 since these chambers have been in communication with the fuel inlet Ila, and the fuel pressure in the chamber 14 and the passageway 53 is low due to thefuel injection.

If, under these conditions, the radial openings II were brou ht into registry with radial openings 58, the influence of the high pressure from the chamber 11 on the fuel in the chamber II and passageways SI and lilo would cause a secondary injection of fuel from the nozzle 22 which is undesirable. To prevent this condition from occurring, the radial holes 58 are so placed relative to the end of the timing plunger N that the end of the plunger moves away from the valve 4| (Fig. 9) before bringing the radial holes II and ll into registry, thereby increasing the volume of the chamber ll and effectively relieving or reducing the high pressure in chamber H. In Fig. 9 the increase in the volume of chamber 41 is indicated by the space between the right end of valve ll and the left end of plunger M. In Fig. 10 the timing plunger 54 is shown completely retracted and the radial holes ii and S. are in registry. The pressures in chambers 11 and 14 have been equalized through the passageways ll, it and 53a and the chamber I1, and the spring 88 has therefore begun to move the metering plunger 61 toward its stop 68, thereby forcing fuel from chamber 11 to chamber II as shown by the arrows to bring the system into condition for repeating its operation as shown in Fig. 11.

While particular embodiments of the invention are shown, it will be understood, of course, that it is not to be limited thereto since many modifications may be made, and it is therefore contemplated by the appended claims to cover any such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention. what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

i. The combination with a source of fluid under substantially constant pressure, of a cylinder, means in said cylinder forming a movable wall dividing said cylinder into two chambers, means for fllling said two chambers with fluid from said source at a reduced pressure, means for applying the pressure of said fluid source on one side of said wall to move said well and eject fluid from one of said chambers, and stop means for limiting the amount of movement of said wall during fluid ejection.

2. The combination with a source of fluid under substantially constant pressure, of a cylinder, means in said cylinder forming a movable wall dividing said cylinder into two chambers, means for filling said two chambers with fluid from said source at a reduced pressure, means for resiliently positioning said wall in said cylinder, means for applying the pressure of said fluid source on one side of said wall to move said wall against the force of said resilient means and eject the fluid from one of said chambers, and stop means for limitin the amount of movement of said wall during fluid ejection.

3. The combination with a source of fluid under substantially constant pressure, of a cylinder, means in said cylinder forming a movable wail dividing said cylinder into two chambers, means for filling said two chambers with fluid from said source, means for resiliently maintaining said wall in a predetermined position in said cylinder when the fluid in said chambers is at substantially equal pressure, means for applying the pressure of said fluid source on one side of said wall to move said wall against the force of said resilient means and eject the fluid from one of said chambers, stop means for limiting the amount of movement of said wall during fluid ejection, and means cooperating with said resilient means for returning said wall to said predetermined position and refilling said one chamber with said fluid.

4. A fluid pressure actuated fuel injection pump comprising a body having a chamber of variable volume adapted to be filled with fuel and having an ejection orifice, a piston movable in said chamber to eject fuel from said chamber through said oriflce, rotatable stop means for positioning said piston to determine the volume of said chamber. fluid pressure means for moving said piston, means for causing the operation of said fluid pressure means, resilient means in said chamber biasing said piston against said stop means. and frictionless bearing means abutting one end of said resilient means to facilitate operation of said stop means.

5. A fluid pressure actuated injection pump comprising a body having a in, a piston movable in said bore and defining a pair of chambers, an inlet for high pressure liquid communicating with one of said pair of chambers, the other of said pair of chambers having an ejection oriflce, a passageway interconnecting said chambers, normally open valve means for closing said passageway, normally cylindrical bore thereclosed valve means for opening said inlet, and,

means for operating said valves substantially simultaneously.

6. A fluid pressure actuated inlection pump comprising a body having a cylindrical bore therein, a piston movable in said bore and delining a pair of chambers. an inlet for high pres.-

v 7 lili'eiiduidcoiliinunicatingwithoneofsaidpair of chambers. a nonle communicating, with the other of said pair of chambers, a passageway interconnecting said chambers, normally open valve means for closing said passageway. normally closed valve means for opening said inlet. means for operating said valve means substantially simultaneously, and resilient means in said other chamber for resiliently resisting movement ofsaidpistonbysaidhighpressureliquid.

I. A fiuid pressure actuated injection pump comprising a body having a bore therein. a pistonmovableinsaidbore anddefining apair of chambers, rotatable stop means for positioning said piston to determine the initial volume of said pair oi. chambers. an inlet for high pressure fuel communicating with one of said pair of chambers. the other of said pair of chambers having a fuel ejection orifice, a passageway interconnesting said chambers. normally open valve means for closing said passageway. normally closed valve means for opening said fuel inlet,

means for operating said valves substantially v through said orifice. a source of fluid at a substantially constant high pressure. means for filiing said chamber with fiuid from said source at a pressure less than the said pressure of said source. and means to connect said source of fiuid pressure to one side of said piston whereby said l2. Inafueiiajectionsyatemasmmoeoffuei under pressure. a fuel injection pump comprising a body having a cylindrical bore. a piston movable in said bore and defining a pair of chambers. normally closed valve means for connecting said sourceoffueliooneofsaidpaircfctmmbers. the other of said pair of chambers having a fuel ejection orifice. normally open valve means for fillingsaidotherchamberwithfuelfromsaid piston moves to eject fiuid through said orifice.

9. In a fiuid fuel injection system, a source of fluid fuel under substantially constant high pressure. an injection pump comprising a body having a chamber including an election orifice, a. piston movable in said chamber, means for filling said chamber with fluid fuel from said source at a reduced pressure, and means for connecting said source of fiuid' fuel under pressure to one side of said piston whereby said piston moves to elect fuel through said orifice.

10. In a fuel injection syste a source of fuel under pressure. an in ection pump comprising a body having a chamber including an election orifice. a piston movable in said chamber. rotatable stop means for positioning said piston to determine the volume of said chamber, means for filling said chamber with fuel from said source at a reduced pressure. and means for selectively connecting said source of 'fuel under pressure to the side of said piston opposite said chamber whereby said piston moves to eject fuel through said orifice.

11. In a fuel injection system. a source of fuel under pressure. a fuel injection pump comprising a body having a cylindrical bore. a piston movable in said cylindrical bore and defining a pair of chambers, one of said pair of chambers com- I municatlng with 'said source of fuel and the other of said pair of chambers having a fuel election orifice. means'for filling said other chamber with fuel from said source, valve means for controlling the communication of said source of fuel under pressure to said one chamber, and means for o erating said valve whereby said pistop is moved by said fuel under pressure to elect fuel from said other chamber through said orifice.

source. and means for operating said valve meam substantially simultaneously. whereby said piston ismovedbysaidbisbpressurefueltoejectfuel through said orifice.

l3. Inafiuidinjectionsystem.asourceoffiuid under pressure. a fiuid injection pump comprising a body having a'cyiindrical bore. a piston movable in said cylindrical bore and defining a pair of chambers. normally closed valve means for connecting said source of fiuid to one of said pair of chambers. the otherof said pair of chambers having a fiuid ejection orifice, normally open valve means for filling said other chamber with fiuid from said one chamber. and means for operating said valve means substantially simultaneously whereby said piston is moved by said fluid under pressure to eject fiuid through said orifice.

14. In a fuel injection system, a source of fuel under pressure. a fuel injection pump comprising a body having a cylindrical bore. a piston movable in said cylindrical bore and defining a pair of chambers, normally closed valve means for connecting said source of fuel to one of said pair of chambers. the other of said pair or chambers having a fuel ejection orifice. a passageway interconnecting said pair of chambers for filling said other chamber with fuel from said one chamber. normally open valve means for closing said passageway, and means for operating said valves substantially simultaneously whereby said piston is moved by said fuel under pressure to elect fuel through said orifice;

15. In a fluid injection system, a source of fillid under pressure, a fiuid injection pump comprising a body having a cylindrical bore. a piston movable in said cylindrical bore and defining a pair of chambers. normally closed valve means for connecting said source of fiuid 'to one of said pair of chambers. the other of said pair of chambers having a fiuid ejection orifice. a passageway interconnecting said pair of chambers for filling said other chamber with fluid from said one chamber, a pressure relief chamber amiated with said passageway. normall open valve means for closing said passageway. and means for operating said valves substantially simultaneousl whereby said piston is moved by said fiuid under pressure to eject iluld through said orifice.

18. In a fuel injection system, a source of fuel under pressure, a fuel injection pump comprising a body having a cylindrical bore, a piston movable in said cylindrical bore and defining a pair of chambers. rotatable stop means for positioning said piston to determine the respective initial volumes of said pair of chambers, normally closed valve means for connecting said source of fuel to one of said pair of chambers. the other of said pair of chambers having a fuel ejection orifice. a passagewa interconnecting said pair of chamhere for filling said other chamber with fuel from said one chamber, normally open valve means for closing said passageway. and means for operating said valves substantially simultaneously. whereby said piston is moved by said fuel under pressure to eject fuel through said orifice.

17.1n a fuel isiection system. a source of fuel under pressure, a fuel injection pump comprising a body having a cylindrical bore, a piston movable in said cylindrical bore and defining a pair of chambers, rotatable stop means for positioning said piston to determine the respective initial volumes of said pair of chambers, normally closed valve means for connecting said source of fuel to one of said pair of chambers, the other of said pair of chambers having an ejection orifice, a passageway interconnecting said pair of chambers for filling said other chamber with fuel from said one chamber, a pressure relief chamber associated with said pasageway, normally open valve means for closing said passageway, and means for operating said valves substantially simultaneously, whereby said piston is moved by said fuel under pressure to eject fuel through said orifice.

18. In a fuel injection system, a body having a cylindrical bore, a piston in said cylindrical chamber movable between first and second positions to define first and second chambers varying in volume with said piston movement, a high pressure source of fuel, normally closed valve means for connecting said high pressure source of fuel to said first chamber, said second chamber having a fuel ejection orifice, a passageway interconnecting said first and second chambers, normally open valve means for closing said passageway, said passageway and chamber being substantiall filled with fuel, means for operating both said valve means substantially simultaneously whereby said piston is moved by high pressure fuel from said source to said second position effecting the ejection of fuel from said second chamber through said orifice, and resilient means in said second chamber for returning said piston to said first position when said valve means return to respective normal positions whereby said second chamber is filled with fuel through said interconnecting passage from said first chamber.

LOUIS J. GARDAY.

ROBERT A. LASLEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

